Why does emgality hurt so much

Why does emgality hurt so much

Why does emgality hurt so much. Apr 20, 2022 ... [Vlog 3.29.22] - Mary figures out her Ajovy injection... and is a little salty about it.No, Emgality shouldn’t cause constipation. This side effect wasn’t seen in studiesof the drug. Some fast-acting headache pain relievers, such as acetaminophen with codeine (Tylenol 3), can cause constipation. This occurs because opioid drugs, such as codeine, can slow your bowel movements. If you’re unable … See more Change the injection site each time to lessen injury under the skin. Do not inject into areas of skin that are tender, bruised, red, or hard. Avoid injecting into skin areas with scars or stretch ... Strong opioids (narcotic analgesics) are medicines used to treat severe pain. Although there are a number of narcotic analgesics, meperidine (also known ... Try our Symptom Checker...It rips, tears, and shreds your skin, rather than making clean slice, as a razor or knife blade would do. And if that wasn’t enough, paper cuts are typically shallow – but not too shallow ...Emgality may be stored out of the refrigerator in the original carton at temperatures up to 86°F (30°C) for up to 7 days. After storing out of the refrigerator, do not place Emgality back in the refrigerator. Do not freeze Emgality. Keep Emgality in the carton it comes in to protect it from light until time of use. Do not shake Emgality.Serious side effects of Emgality. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Emgality: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. An allergic reaction to the active ingredient galcanezumab can occur several days after an injection. This is not a complete list of side effects and ...Sep 27, 2018 ... HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. These highlights do not include all the information needed to use. EMGALITY safely and effectively. See ...Most of these questions do not have answers at this time. Much of the CGRP research to date has been conducted in animal models, which, as we know, does not always correlate with effects in humans. Hopefully, over time, the community will be able to determine which of our patients may be at increased risk for long-term adverse effects.We hurt. We don’t sleep well. We get sick more easily and take longer to recover. People can cope with loneliness in self-defeating ways. Some turn to alcohol and drugs to ease the burden of ...Lawrence Robbins, MD, Neurologist, Director. Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are the first pharmacological treatments developed explicitly for the prevention of migraine.¹⁻³ There are currently three antibodies available, Aimovig, Emgality, and Ajovy, all administered as a …Lawrence Robbins, MD, Neurologist, Director. Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are the first pharmacological treatments developed explicitly for the prevention of migraine.¹⁻³ There are currently three antibodies available, Aimovig, Emgality, and Ajovy, all administered as a …Aimovig can cause side effects, such as constipation or high blood pressure. Emgality isn’t known to cause these side effects. Biosimilars: Emgality …A sore arm is a common side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine. There are several reasons why your arm may be sore after getting vaccinated, including your body's immune response and inflammation in your muscle. Moving your arm and using a cool compress should help soothe the pain. The COVID-19 vaccine can cause some commonly known side effects.1) Say what you need to say. “Say what you need to say” isn’t just a line from a John Mayer song. It’s also what you need to do before you get over someone. You need to let it out. To them. The first of the crucial tips to get over someone who hurt you is to express yourself to this person.Dec 16, 2023 · joint pain, stiffness, or swelling; redness of the skin; swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, hands, or feet; tightness in the chest; trouble with swallowing; Other side effects of Emgality. Some side effects of galcanezumab may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body ... Emgality may cause allergic reactions, such as itching, rash, hives, and trouble breathing. Allergic reactions can happen days after using Emgality. Call your healthcare provider or get emergency medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms, which may be part of an allergic reaction: swelling of your …Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) is used for the preventive treatment of migraine and the treatment of episodic cluster headaches. Emgality is injected under the skin, generally into the stomach area, the thigh, the back of the upper arm, or the buttocks. Emgality is typically a high cost drug, which is defined in this article as costing more than ...We hurt. We don’t sleep well. We get sick more easily and take longer to recover. People can cope with loneliness in self-defeating ways. Some turn to alcohol and drugs to ease the burden of ...swelling of the face, mouth, tongue, or throat. trouble breathing. The most common side effects of Emgality include: injection site reactions. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all of the possible side effects of Emgality.why does emgality hurt so much - campbelieveit.org why does emgality hurt so much - masiadelcadet.com Emgality will be available to patients shortly, through their local pharmacies. The denial is overturned. Emgality offers a once-monthly, self-administered, subcutaneous injection. The injectable solution is not warmed up sufficiently before ...Ajovy has an average rating of 5.4 out of 10 from a total of 319 ratings on Drugs.com. 38% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 41% reported a negative effect. Emgality has an average rating of 5.0 out of 10 from a total of 456 ratings on Drugs.com. 35% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 48% …Jun 14, 2022 · Drug Images. What is Emgality? If you have certain types of headaches, your doctor may recommend Emgality for you. Emgality is a prescription drug. It’s used in adults to: treat episodic... Emgality is a medicine used to prevent migraine in adults who have migraines at least 4 days a month. It contains the active substance galcanezumab. ... are reactions at the site of injection such as pain, redness, itching, bruising or swelling. For the full list of side effects and restrictions of Emgality, ...Upper Back Pain. Upper back pain can occur anywhere between the base of the neck and the bottom of the rib cage. Upper back pain may be caused by injuries or fractures, poor posture, disk problems or other issues, such as arthritis. People with mild to moderate upper back pain can usually manage their symptoms at home.Do not use Emgality if you are allergic to galcanezumab-gnlm or any of the ingredients in Emgality. Emgality may cause allergic reactions, such as …It ranges from $15-$600. Chronic migraine & cluster headaches 26 years •. $10.50. allyoopa10 • 5 mo. ago. $30, but then through a program from the hospital system my doctor is at, it doesn’t actually end up costing anything. Not sure how that works but I’m not complaining! just-another-cat • 5 mo. ago.What is why does Emgality hurt so much? The question of why Emgality can be a painful experience is common among those who have used …Jul 12, 2012 · Well, for starters, a shot to the balls is just like any other physical strike to the body: because of nerves, it’s gonna hurt. Unlike most other parts of your body, though, your scrotum lacks ... Feb 24, 2022 · Summary. To reduce the pain and fear associated with regular injections, try numbing the injection site with ice and/or a numbing cream. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best sites for intramuscular or subcutaneous injections, and rotate the injection site if there is any pain or bruising. If you have problems injecting yourself ... I’ve tried Emgality and Aimovig. No side effects from either. Too early to comment on efficacy as I’ve only been using Aimovig for two months. The Aimovig injection isn’t nearly has painful as Emgality. Aimovig worked a little bit but not very well, switched to emgality may 2019 and I've been doing amazing on it.It’s official. When you clumsily offend half of the human race it damages your brand and hurts your business. It’s official. When you clumsily offend half of the human race it dama...san antonio breakfast tacohow to use bleach in laundry It rips, tears, and shreds your skin, rather than making clean slice, as a razor or knife blade would do. And if that wasn’t enough, paper cuts are typically shallow – but not too shallow ...Unfortunately it didn&#39;t do very much for me, especially when compared with Emgality I had in a trial in 2016. <br> I was so happy I could start on Emgality again in August last year. It&#39;s still not approved in the Netherlands and I so much hope it will be very soon. <br> I now have only 4-7 attacks a month (I was chronic) and they can ...Emgality may come with some mild side effects at the sight of your injection. The most common side effects from Emgality are mild and can include soreness, redness, itching, or a rash around the injection site. Allergic reactions, while uncommon, can also be a side effect of Emgality injections. If you experience a severe rash, hives, or ...Jul 5, 2022 · How does the cost of Aimovig compare with that of Emgality? Aimovig and Emgality are both approved to help prevent migraine episodes. But Emgality is also approved to treat episodic cluster headaches. I actually quit using emgality because injecting it hurt so bad, even with an ice pack. I had to psych myself up for hours for 10 seconds of actual injection and then at least half an hour of pain so bad I didn't want to walk on my leg. I literally decided that I'd take the migraines over the shot lol. Sucks because it actually kind of worked. Emgality cost. The retail price of Qulipta is $1093. Save up to $127 per fill off of the retail price. As with all medications, the cost of Emgality can vary. Factors that may affect the price you ...Back pain is one of the most common reasons people visit a doctor. In fact, more than 80 percent of adults, according to one survey, have a problem with lower back pain at some poi...Unfortunately it didn&#39;t do very much for me, especially when compared with Emgality I had in a trial in 2016. <br> I was so happy I could start on Emgality again in August last year. It&#39;s still not approved in the Netherlands and I so much hope it will be very soon. <br> I now have only 4-7 attacks a month (I was chronic) and they can ...To learn why they smart so back-flippin’ much, we asked — of course — a professor. Professor Splash. “They hurt a great deal, but the pain lasts a minute. The glory lasts a lifetime ...Wrist and forearm bruises don't have to be part of your routine. Bruising your forearm or wrist is a common problem when you start working with kettlebells, but it doesn’t have to ... generate instagram posts using airesumes 2023 Emgality side effects. Serious Side Effects. Allergic reaction: Itching or hives, swelling in your face or hands, swelling or tingling in your mouth or throat, chest tightness, trouble breathing. Less Serious Side Effects. Pain, itching, burning, swelling, or a lump under your skin where the shot was given.Recommended Dosing for Episodic Cluster Headache. The recommended dosage of EMGALITY is 300 mg (three consecutive subcutaneous injections of 100 mg each) at the onset of the cluster period, and then monthly until the end of the cluster period. If a dose of EMGALITY is missed during a cluster period, administer as soon as possible.Emgality and Vertigo. History: My husband has a family history of migraines. He has episodic migraines through high school (1-2 a year). His sophomore year of college he got a 2 week pain scale 10 migraine. When the migraine lifted, he still had a headache. s23 ultra dual sim Apr 15, 2023 · Emgality (galcanezumab) is a brand-name prescription medication. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved it to: help prevent migraine headache. treat episodic cluster headaches ... I usually get Emgality (auto injector) delivered through a specialty pharmacy courier service. A liaison contacted me to inform me about the manufacturer back order for the auto injector pens, and gave me two options. Either wait it out until the first week of January and see if they can get the syringe version for me, or, I scope it out myself ... las totally awesome cleanercrunch hobokenhow to get dried paint out of clothes Jun 14, 2022 · Drug Images. What is Emgality? If you have certain types of headaches, your doctor may recommend Emgality for you. Emgality is a prescription drug. It’s used in adults to: treat episodic... Managing the pain piece of my attack cycles is my primary goal. Vyepti and Emgality have both been able to make this possible, but full efficacy for the length of treatment is still a problem. As with Emgality, Vyepti has lost its strength as the end of the treatment cycle approaches. I don’t want to be too skeptical, as I’ve only had one ... Official answer. Emgality (galcanezumab) works by blocking the effect of a protein, called CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) which is involved in pain transmission. Emgality binds to CGRP and prevents it from interacting with the CGRP receptor. Emgality belongs to the class of medicines called CGRP inhibitors. concrete sidewalk cost Bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness, discoloration of skin, feeling of pressure, hives, infection, inflammation, itching, lumps, numbness, pain, rash, …Oct 20, 2023 · How much Emgality or Aimovig costs depends on the treatment plan your doctor prescribes, your insurance plan, and your pharmacy. You can visit Optum Perks* for price estimates of Emgality and Aimovig. ev trip planner Often, individuals who live alone take longer to grieve because their companion played such an important role in their lives. Grieving for a pet can take the form of the Elisabeth Kübler-Ross ...Yes, you need a loading dose the first month. Clarify that with your Dr before filling your rx. The loading dose does come in one box though. 5. snarkybee. • 4 yr. ago. I had to switch from aimovig to emgality because of insurance. I did the loading dose and for the 4 or so months that I was on emgality I went from well controlled migraines ...why does emgality hurt so much - campbelieveit.org why does emgality hurt so much - masiadelcadet.com Emgality will be available to patients shortly, through their local pharmacies. The denial is overturned. Emgality offers a once-monthly, self-administered, subcutaneous injection. The injectable solution is not warmed up sufficiently before ...According to NetWellness, lower back pain on the left side is a common symptom of kidney stones. Kidney pain typically begins on the left side of the lower back and travels to the ...Nov 17, 2023 ... I have seen many patients who did not respond to one type of CGRP mAb, but responded dramatically well to another. So, if you do not respond to ... automotive upholstery shopnews on destiny 2 Understanding fremanezumab (AJOVY™), the latest FDA-approved treatment for migraine. In a big win for the migraine community, fremanezumab (AJOVY™), was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment and prevention of migraine. 2018 was a landmark year for this new class of treatments specifically designed for migraine.Bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness, discoloration of skin, feeling of pressure, hives, infection, inflammation, itching, lumps, numbness, pain, rash, …Dr Robbins talked about the CGRP Medications one year after the first medication was FDA approved, and answered questions about how the efficacy and side effects seen in the pharmaceutical trials are holding up in widespread clinical practice. This document is a transcript of the questions and answers from that event, and the complete video can ...How to inject with the Emgality Pen. Leave the pen at room temperature for 30 minutes before injecting. Wash your hands, select an injection site, clean it with an alcohol wipe, and let it dry before you inject. Inspect the pen and the medicine. Make sure the pen is locked and the base cap is on until you inject. laundry card joint pain, stiffness, or swelling. redness of the skin. swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, hands, or feet. tightness in the chest. trouble with swallowing. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine.Yeah same pretty much. I have Raynaud's, and I'm on like, 3 other medications besides my CGRP blockers (both a preventative and an abortive) that can make Raynaud's worse. But the alternative is unmanaged ADHD (Vyvanse and Strattera), tachycardia (propranolol), and feeling shitty all the time because of the migraines (Emgality and Ubrelvy). Ughhh, it really fucking hurts. I leave mine out at room temperature for an hour or two and use ice before injecting and that at least helps with the initial sting. It gets really sore though so there's nothing I've found that helps with that : (. It’s so weird, cause Emgality doesn’t hurt at all for me. Aug 24, 2020 ... I saw multiple videos before giving myself the Emgality injection where the person said it was really painful so I wanted to share what I do ... r carcost of replacing windows We have all felt the desire to help someone. Whether it is a friend, an acquaintance, a stranger, a family mem We have all felt the desire to help someone. Whether it is a friend, ...Will using coffee grounds help or hurt your garden? Discover the answer in our article! Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Sho...Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) is used for the preventive treatment of migraine and the treatment of episodic cluster headaches. Emgality is injected under the skin, generally into the stomach area, the thigh, the back of the upper arm, or the buttocks. Emgality is typically a high cost drug, which is defined in this article as costing more than ... Change the injection site each time to lessen injury under the skin. Do not inject into areas of skin that are tender, bruised, red, or hard. Avoid injecting into skin areas with scars or stretch ... Dental Nerves Only Feel Pain. One of the unique characteristics of dental nerves is that they can’t feel heat, cold, sweets, touch. They only feel. That’s why a toothache hurts so much. While your dentist may test the status of your …Aimovig can cause side effects, such as constipation or high blood pressure. Emgality isn’t known to cause these side effects. Biosimilars: Emgality …The Insider Trading Activity of Hurt J. Christopher on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks What I would do is call Emgality/Lily and explain the situation. The number is 1-833-364-2548. As it sounds like you did use all of your free pens anyway, they should be able to help or at least offer some advice. Edit: the non-exchange formulary list is here with page 73 (75 on a pdf reader) have the migraine info. Official answer. Emgality (galcanezumab) works by blocking the effect of a protein, called CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) which is involved in pain transmission. Emgality binds to CGRP and prevents it from interacting with the CGRP receptor. Emgality belongs to the class of medicines called CGRP inhibitors. hastens beds Poorly Fitting Clothes. Skin Conditions. Menstrual Periods. Pregnancy. 5 min read. Nipples are sensitive, and they can hurt for lots of reasons. Tight clothes, rashes, and infections can all ... Ughhh, it really fucking hurts. I leave mine out at room temperature for an hour or two and use ice before injecting and that at least helps with the initial sting. It gets really sore though so there's nothing I've found that helps with that : (. It’s so weird, cause Emgality doesn’t hurt at all for me. Your nervous systems are fighting. Experts think chest ache might also have to do with your two nervous systems simultaneously being triggered. Your sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response, which causes a release of adrenalin to heighten our senses and prepare for danger by ramping up …No. Aimovig isn’t known to cause memory problems, diarrhea, insomnia (trouble sleeping), or muscle pain. These side effects weren’t reported in studies of the drug. However, diarrhea and ...Canker sores are small sores (which is like a cut or opening) on the inside of your mouth, interestingly we are not quite sure why they appear although they seem to come more when people are stressed, with a certain ingredient in some toothpastes, and seem to run in family's (but are luckily not contagious). They hurt so much … whole milk substitute Pregnancy. Birth control needs. Breastfeeding. FAQs. Overdose. Precautions. Expiration. For professionals. …For migraine prevention, Emgality is given as a single injection of 120 mg, once per month. (The very first month’s dose is a two-injection dose totaling 240 mg.) Both Ajovy and Emgality can be ... is palm oil that bad The hurt inflicted by a bee is two-pronged. First, when bees sting they release a chemical called melittin into their victim. This venom immediately triggers pain receptors, causing a burning ...Overview. Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) is a brand-name prescription medication. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved it for use in adults to help …Call your insurance provider to find out if Emgality is covered. Your insurance provider can also tell you how much of the drug cost they’ll cover. Without insurance, you’ll pay more for ... WHY DOES IT HURT SO MUCH. Do they have to LAUNCH the needle into my body? I was doing the loading dose and ITS A DAMN GOOD THING I double fisted it into my leg cause if the first had gone and a had to do the second, I would have said no. Big no. NOOOOOOO It bled. I cried. Iced my leg. I still don’t like it Aimovig can cause side effects, such as constipation or high blood pressure. Emgality isn’t known to cause these side effects. Biosimilars: Emgality …Warnings. Before taking. Dosage. Interactions. FAQ. What is Emgality? Emgality is a prescription medicine used to prevent migraines and … uniworld river cruises reviewsjohn deere pressure washer Many of us are sent home with the Emgality self-injector, a delivery device for the CGRP treatment medication, after perhaps one demonstration by our physicians. This video is a demonstration to illustrate how to utilize the injection device. In the comment section below, please share any questions or experiences you are having using Emgality ...migraine days per month from the time that Emgality was initiated. CONDITIONS NOT COVERED • Emgality® (galcanezumab-gnlm subcutaneous injection – Lilly) is(are) considered experimental, investigational or unproven for ANY other use(s) including the following (this list may not be all inclusive; criteria willCall your insurance provider to find out if Emgality is covered. Your insurance provider can also tell you how much of the drug cost they’ll cover. Without insurance, you’ll pay more for ...The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the health of you and your baby. You may enroll yourself by calling 1-833-464-4724 or by visiting www.migrainepregnancyregistry.com. Or you may talk to your healthcare provider about how you can take part in this registry. • are breastfeeding or plan to …Oct 13, 2023 · 12 Common Causes of Hip Pain. 1. Arthritis. Several different types of arthritis can affect the hip joint, but the most common is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis, also known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis, indicates that the protective cartilage in the joint has degenerated to the point where bone rubs on bone. Call your insurance provider to find out if Emgality is covered. Your insurance provider can also tell you how much of the drug cost they’ll cover. Without insurance, you’ll pay more for ...Most of these questions do not have answers at this time. Much of the CGRP research to date has been conducted in animal models, which, as we know, does not always correlate with effects in humans. Hopefully, over time, the community will be able to determine which of our patients may be at increased risk for long-term adverse effects.Emgality is a medicine used to prevent migraine in adults who have migraines at least 4 days a month. It contains the active substance galcanezumab. ... are reactions at the site of injection such as pain, redness, itching, bruising or swelling. For the full list of side effects and restrictions of Emgality, see the package leaflet. ...Physically, paper cuts hurt as much as they do for a variety of reasons. They typically occur on parts of our bodies that are the most sensitive, such as the fingers, lips or tongue. The nerve ...Mar 1, 2024 · Do not use EMGALITY if it is cloudy or there are visible particles. Administer EMGALITY in the abdomen, thigh, back of the upper arm, or buttocks subcutaneously. Do not inject into areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, or hard. Both the prefilled pen and prefilled syringe are single-dose and deliver the entire contents. migraine days per month from the time that Emgality was initiated. CONDITIONS NOT COVERED • Emgality® (galcanezumab-gnlm subcutaneous injection – Lilly) is(are) considered experimental, investigational or unproven for ANY other use(s) including the following (this list may not be all inclusive; criteria willOften, individuals who live alone take longer to grieve because their companion played such an important role in their lives. Grieving for a pet can take the form of the Elisabeth Kübler-Ross ... 50s love songs 144 083.69 g·mol −1. Galcanezumab, sold under the brand name Emgality, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the prevention of migraine. [2] [3] It is also used for cluster headaches. [4] Common side effects include injection site reactions such as pain or redness. [4] [5] Other side effects may include hypersensitivity …Also I havnt seen anyone mention but oh my goodness Emgality injection hurt so much worst for me than aimovig. Aimovig I would just suck up the pain but my first dose of Emgality literally made me yell!!!! Lastly, hoping it’s unrelated, having a little constipation and as it is not listed as a side effect I hope it does not get any worst!Common causes of testicle pain are a long bike ride or trauma to the groin, but other sources of testicle pain may be harder to diagnose. Pain may come from the epididymitis, which is a curved tube that sits on each testicle to store sperm. Or it may come from the scrotum, the sack that holds the testicles. master chef new season why does emgality hurt so much - campbelieveit.org why does emgality hurt so much - masiadelcadet.com Emgality will be available to patients shortly, through their local pharmacies. The denial is overturned. Emgality offers a once-monthly, self-administered, subcutaneous injection. The injectable solution is not warmed up sufficiently before ...Jun 14, 2023 · 2. The liquid solution: Emgality contains a high concentration of medicine that can cause discomfort as it flows through your bloodstream. 3. Nerves: It’s possible that the injection irritates or stimulates nerves in your body, causing sharp or shooting pain. Regardless of the cause, there are ways to manage the pain and reduce discomfort. Pregnancy. Birth control needs. Breastfeeding. FAQs. Overdose. Precautions. Expiration. For professionals. …Ajovy is prescribed to help prevent migraine. Migraine is a condition that can cause many different symptoms, including: severe headache. nausea and vomiting. trouble speaking clearly. Ajovy’s ... cheap parking iahit entry level jobs Serious side effects of Emgality. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Emgality: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. An allergic reaction to the active ingredient galcanezumab can occur several days after an injection. This is not a complete list of side effects and ...According to recently published research, adults perceive more suffering if they think the child is a boy rather than a girl. A child goes to the doctor, has their finger pricked t...Emgality injections can hurt and some people appear to experience excessive amounts of pain with Emgality and other CGRP inhibitors, according to … costco eyeglasses frames Here are the top 20 and the conditions they're used to treat: 1. Victoza, type-2 diabetes. 2. Eliquis, anti-clotting drug. 3. Brilinta, blood-thinner. 4. Invokana ...28 votes, 34 comments. 4.3K subscribers in the cgrpMigraine community. Place to discuss meds that target CGRP pathway for migraine treatment. Discuss…Common causes of testicle pain are a long bike ride or trauma to the groin, but other sources of testicle pain may be harder to diagnose. Pain may come from the epididymitis, which is a curved tube that sits on each testicle to store sperm. Or it may come from the scrotum, the sack that holds the testicles.8. True love requires vulnerability, which is scary. Love means intimacy and intimacy means exposing your hopes, fears, joy, and shame to another person on a deep level. Exposing yourself emotionally can feel unsettling. [19] If you’re trying to be more vulnerable in your relationship, open yourself up gradually.The Griffith et al. study showed that employees who are lied to lose their sense of trust. A good supervisor, politician, friend, and lover inspire your loyalty. Minimize your dealings with the ...If you or you know someone who is pregnant, low back pain may continue to be the most uncomfortable and exacerbating feeling through the stages of pregnancy. Even if you want to re... What I would do is call Emgality/Lily and explain the situation. The number is 1-833-364-2548. As it sounds like you did use all of your free pens anyway, they should be able to help or at least offer some advice. Edit: the non-exchange formulary list is here with page 73 (75 on a pdf reader) have the migraine info. Many of us are sent home with the Emgality self-injector, a delivery device for the CGRP treatment medication, after perhaps one demonstration by our physicians. This video is a demonstration to illustrate how to utilize the injection device. In the comment section below, please share any questions or experiences you are having using Emgality ...A sore throat happens when the mucus membranes that line your throat are either inflamed or infected. Your body's response is then to send a lot of blood rushing into that area. That way, the ...Your nervous systems are fighting. Experts think chest ache might also have to do with your two nervous systems simultaneously being triggered. Your sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response, which causes a release of adrenalin to heighten our senses and prepare for danger by ramping up …Official answer. Emgality (galcanezumab) works by blocking the effect of a protein, called CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) which is involved in pain transmission. Emgality binds to CGRP and prevents it from interacting with the CGRP receptor. Emgality belongs to the class of medicines called CGRP inhibitors. lillies bbq sauce I’ve been on Emgality since November and I always inject into my thigh. It always hurts more than I expect and I’ve developed a kind of phobia about doing my shots now. I get so anxious and delay it for so long. My family and boyfriend refuse to do it because they think I need to learn to do it myself (I don’t disagree with them, lol).Jun 24, 2019 · Aimovig made a “night and day difference” for Amy Hart, a 42-year-old who lives in Texas and has suffered migraines for seven years. After years of getting throbbing, nausea-inducing headaches ... Ajovy has an average rating of 5.4 out of 10 from a total of 319 ratings on Drugs.com. 38% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 41% reported a negative effect. Emgality has an average rating of 5.0 out of 10 from a total of 456 ratings on Drugs.com. 35% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 48% … ghost tour savannah 1) Say what you need to say. “Say what you need to say” isn’t just a line from a John Mayer song. It’s also what you need to do before you get over someone. You need to let it out. To them. The first of the crucial tips to get over someone who hurt you is to express yourself to this person. Emgality is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of episodic cluster headache in adults. Emgality 300 mg can help give you more cluster headache-free moments to celebrate. It's the first and only medication approved by the FDA to reduce the number of attacks. Do not use Emgality if you are allergic to galcanezumab-gnlm or any of the ... What is why does Emgality hurt so much? The question of why Emgality can be a painful experience is common among those who have used … comfortable couch Ajovy has an average rating of 5.4 out of 10 from a total of 319 ratings on Drugs.com. 38% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 41% reported a negative effect. Emgality has an average rating of 5.0 out of 10 from a total of 456 ratings on Drugs.com. 35% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 48% …The Short Answer. Bike seats can hurt due to factors like bruised sit bones, chafing, and skin irritation. Standard saddles may not fit everyone, and finding the right saddle is important. Padded shorts and saddle covers can help. Pain diminishes with time, and gender-specific and comfortable saddle options are …Upper Back Pain. Upper back pain can occur anywhere between the base of the neck and the bottom of the rib cage. Upper back pain may be caused by injuries or fractures, poor posture, disk problems or other issues, such as arthritis. People with mild to moderate upper back pain can usually manage their symptoms at home.It rips, tears, and shreds your skin, rather than making clean slice, as a razor or knife blade would do. And if that wasn’t enough, paper cuts are typically shallow – but not too shallow ...8. True love requires vulnerability, which is scary. Love means intimacy and intimacy means exposing your hopes, fears, joy, and shame to another person on a deep level. Exposing yourself emotionally can feel unsettling. [19] If you’re trying to be more vulnerable in your relationship, open yourself up gradually.Well, for starters, a shot to the balls is just like any other physical strike to the body: because of nerves, it’s gonna hurt. Unlike most other parts of your body, though, your scrotum lacks ...Apr 17, 2022 · Erenumab-aooe ( Aimovig) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist prescribed to prevent migraine headaches. (Emgality is also a CGRP antagonist.) Constipation is a side effect of Aimovig. However, Emgality isn’t known to cause constipation. Topiramate ( Topamax, others) belongs to a different drug class, but it’s also ... 1) Say what you need to say. “Say what you need to say” isn’t just a line from a John Mayer song. It’s also what you need to do before you get over someone. You need to let it out. To them. The first of the crucial tips to get over someone who hurt you is to express yourself to this person.Don´t know why. You know I loved you baby. But all the while you just betrayed me. In the world of a day. All the things that you said were. Ladidadida. Ladidadida. Ladidadida. Ladidadida.12 Common Causes of Hip Pain. 1. Arthritis. Several different types of arthritis can affect the hip joint, but the most common is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis, also known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis, indicates that the protective cartilage in the joint has degenerated to the point where bone rubs on bone.Even the smallest of paper cuts can leave you with a lingering, uncomfortable pain that feels like something much worse. Here’s why paper cuts are more irritating than most other c...migraine days per month from the time that Emgality was initiated. CONDITIONS NOT COVERED • Emgality® (galcanezumab-gnlm subcutaneous injection – Lilly) is(are) considered experimental, investigational or unproven for ANY other use(s) including the following (this list may not be all inclusive; criteria will Emgality (galcanezumab) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody specific for calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) ligand that prevents migraines in adults. Common side effects of Emgality include injection site reactions such as pain, redness, and itching. Serious side effects of Emgality include allergic reactions such as itching, rash, hives, trouble breathing, and swelling of the face ... It rips, tears, and shreds your skin, rather than making clean slice, as a razor or knife blade would do. And if that wasn’t enough, paper cuts are typically shallow – but not too shallow ...How to prevent a stubbed toe. Stubbed toes happen, but there are a few things you can do to make them less likely: Make sure there’s a clear path to the bathroom in case you have to get up to go in the middle of the night. Move chairs and other objects out of the way of common walking paths. Wear closed-toe shoes. men's loungewearmarriage at first sight season 12 Dental Nerves Only Feel Pain. One of the unique characteristics of dental nerves is that they can’t feel heat, cold, sweets, touch. They only feel. That’s why a toothache hurts so much. While your dentist may test the status of your …Description for Emgality. Galcanezumab-gnlm is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody specific for calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) ligand. Galcanezumab-gnlm is produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells by recombinant DNA technology.Galcanezumab-gnlm is composed of two identical … cereal with strawberries How to prevent a stubbed toe. Stubbed toes happen, but there are a few things you can do to make them less likely: Make sure there’s a clear path to the bathroom in case you have to get up to go in the middle of the night. Move chairs and other objects out of the way of common walking paths. Wear closed-toe shoes.A sore arm is a common side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine. There are several reasons why your arm may be sore after getting vaccinated, including your body's immune response and inflammation in your muscle. Moving your arm and using a cool compress should help soothe the pain. The COVID-19 vaccine can cause some commonly known side effects.123K subscribers in the migraine community. A community of headache disease sufferers. Whether migraines, cluster headaches, or whatever head pain…Oct 1, 2021 ... ... much milder safety profile. This may be ... Feeling Salty About Another Painful Migraine Injection ... Watch This BEFORE You Try Emgality!! Geoff's ...All that has happened is you’ve been made aware that you won’t be seeing a person you had a lot of interaction with much any more. That’s it. So why does ... painful emotion perception, so ...Emgality injections can hurt and some people appear to experience excessive amounts of pain with Emgality and other CGRP inhibitors, according to …Official answer. Blocking intestinal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) with a CGRP antagonist such as Aimovig ( erenumab-aooe ), a medicine used for migraine prevention, may lead to constipation, which can be severe in some patients. The gastrointestinal (digestive) tract contains CGRP proteins.Aimovig can cause side effects, such as constipation or high blood pressure. Emgality isn’t known to cause these side effects. Biosimilars: Emgality …Emgality may be stored out of the refrigerator in the original carton at temperatures up to 86°F (30°C) for up to 7 days. After storing out of the refrigerator, do not place Emgality back in the refrigerator. Do not freeze Emgality. Keep Emgality in the carton it comes in to protect it from light until time of use. Do not shake Emgality.why does emgality hurt so much - campbelieveit.org why does emgality hurt so much - masiadelcadet.com Emgality will be available to patients shortly, through their local pharmacies. The denial is overturned. Emgality offers a once-monthly, self-administered, subcutaneous injection. The injectable solution is not warmed up sufficiently before ...Lawrence Robbins, MD, Neurologist, Director. Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are the first pharmacological treatments developed explicitly for the prevention of migraine.¹⁻³ There are currently three antibodies available, Aimovig, Emgality, and Ajovy, all administered as a …Nurtec (and aimovig) are antagonists. Ajovy and emgality are CGRP inhibitors. Many people seem to respond better to one type than another. So its very possible either might work for you. Absolutely worth a shot. I found that it did nothing for me but I’ve had great improvements with ajovy for the first two years.The hurt inflicted by a bee is two-pronged. First, when bees sting they release a chemical called melittin into their victim. This venom immediately triggers pain receptors, causing a burning ...Lawrence Robbins, MD, Neurologist, Director. Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are the first pharmacological treatments developed explicitly for the prevention of migraine.¹⁻³ There are currently three antibodies available, Aimovig, Emgality, and Ajovy, all administered as a … tummy control bathing suitsstrawberry cream ice Mar 1, 2024 · Do not use EMGALITY if it is cloudy or there are visible particles. Administer EMGALITY in the abdomen, thigh, back of the upper arm, or buttocks subcutaneously. Do not inject into areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, or hard. Both the prefilled pen and prefilled syringe are single-dose and deliver the entire contents. I actually quit using emgality because injecting it hurt so bad, even with an ice pack. I had to psych myself up for hours for 10 seconds of actual injection and then at least half an hour of pain so bad I didn't want to walk on my leg. I literally decided that I'd take the migraines over the shot lol. Sucks because it actually kind of worked. Emgality "real name" Galcanezumab-gnlm, is derived from CHO cells (Chinese Hamster Ovaries cells). Emgality has fetal cells in this migraine injection. This is "recombinant DNA technology", look it up, and do your research. This is animal DNA technology medicine. They do not have anything to counteract this drug, and stays in the body for ages. Paper also makes a more shallow wound than most other cutting injuries. A shallow cut on the surface might only bleed a little, or not at all. Without a blood clot to protect them, the nerves ...Will using coffee grounds help or hurt your garden? Discover the answer in our article! Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Sho... pokemon like games This is the immediate, sharp pain that you feel. The second message is sent through thin, uninsulated fibers that are much slower than the first set of fibers the message is sent through. This is the dull, achy pain that you feel after the sharp pain. While the pain of a stubbed toe is annoying to deal with, there is a silver lining!Nurtec (and aimovig) are antagonists. Ajovy and emgality are CGRP inhibitors. Many people seem to respond better to one type than another. So its very possible either might work for you. Absolutely worth a shot. I found that it did nothing for me but I’ve had great improvements with ajovy for the first two years. is designed to help prevent migraine all month long. *Following an initial loading dose of 240 mg — 2 injections of 120 mg each. Emgality is for adults only. For patients with migraine, your first dose will be a loading dose of 240 mg, or 2 injections of 120 mg each, which may be administered in your doctor's office or on your own. grounded beeshow to get presale tickets on ticketmaster joint pain, stiffness, or swelling. redness of the skin. swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, hands, or feet. tightness in the chest. trouble with swallowing. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine.Those emotions are totally rational, and are all part of the grieving process. You’re probably going to spend a lot of time wallowing and a lot of energy wishing you could change things. This part of a breakup is so tiring; it feels endless and achingly painful. You’ll spend a long time going over and over what happened.Back pain and sciatica are common health complaints. Almost everyone has back pain at some time in their life. Most of the time, the exact cause of the pain can't be found. Back pa... how reliable is scheduling an uber in advance Emgality— It really does hurt. I’m currently on Emgality monthly, with topiramate 125mg daily, and sumatriptan 50-100mg as an abortive. I just want to add to the …Introduction. If you’re looking at treatment options for certain kinds of headaches, you may want to learn more about Emgality. It’s a prescription drug …2 - Fewer Migraine Days Means Less 'Anticipatory Anxiety' and Better Quality of Life. Aimovig has also been shown to increase the quality of life in some people with chronic migraine. New research shows an improvement in health-related quality of life, as well as positive effects on social life and mental well-being.Aug 31, 2023 · Ajovy was the second CGRP inhibitor to be approved (September 2018). Ajovy is long-acting and may be given as a single dose (225mg) once monthly or as three consecutive doses (total dose 675mg) once every 3 months. Ajovy is administered by subcutaneous (under the skin) injection into the stomach (abdomen) area, upper arm, or thigh. So, to answer the question posed, the reason stepping on a Lego brick hurts so much is a combination of how sensitive the nerves in our feet are, how much force our feet hit the ground with as we walk, and the fact that Lego bricks are extremely rigid, somewhat jagged, and small, ensuring that the force is … grapevine fooddivorce lawyer philadelphia Your nerves release CGRPs during migraine attacks and cluster headaches. CGRPs cause the blood vessels in your brain to swell, which can …It rips, tears, and shreds your skin, rather than making clean slice, as a razor or knife blade would do. And if that wasn’t enough, paper cuts are typically shallow – but not too shallow ...Sep 27, 2018 ... HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. These highlights do not include all the information needed to use. EMGALITY safely and effectively. See ...Nov 6, 2023 · Official answer. Injection site reactions are the most common side effect of Emgality, affecting around 18% of people. People have reported feeling pain or itching at the injection site, or other symptoms such as mild or temporary redness, bruising, or swelling, Emgality injections can hurt and some people appear to experience excessive amounts ... Hips, elbows, knees, ankles — there are few things worse than dealing with joint pain. Whether it’s from a recent incident or it’s a chronic issue, it can really take away from you...Injection site reactions, such as redness, pain, and itching where the medication was administered, are common Emgality side effects. But it can also …Emgality is a medicine used to prevent migraine in adults who have migraines at least 4 days a month. It contains the active substance galcanezumab. ... are reactions at the site of injection such as pain, redness, itching, bruising or swelling. For the full list of side effects and restrictions of Emgality, see the package leaflet. ...Jul 2, 2022 · Emgality’s dose for helping to prevent migraine headaches is 240 mg for your first dose, injected under your skin. For prefilled pens or syringes containing 120 mg/mL of Emgality, you’ll use ... Emgality is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of episodic cluster headache in adults. Emgality 300 mg can help give you more cluster headache-free moments to celebrate. It's the first and only medication approved by the FDA to reduce the number of attacks. Do not use Emgality if you are allergic to galcanezumab-gnlm or any of the ...Strong opioids (narcotic analgesics) are medicines used to treat severe pain. Although there are a number of narcotic analgesics, meperidine (also known ... Try our Symptom Checker...Lasting joint pain. Joint swelling. Joint stiffness. Tenderness or pain when touching a joint. Problems using or moving a joint normally. Warmth and redness in a joint. If any one of these symptoms lasts longer than 2 weeks, have your parent see their regular doctor or a rheumatologist. If your loved one has a fever, …Dr Robbins talked about the CGRP Medications one year after the first medication was FDA approved, and answered questions about how the efficacy and side effects seen in the pharmaceutical trials are holding up in widespread clinical practice. This document is a transcript of the questions and answers from that event, and the complete video can ...Feb 24, 2022 · Summary. To reduce the pain and fear associated with regular injections, try numbing the injection site with ice and/or a numbing cream. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best sites for intramuscular or subcutaneous injections, and rotate the injection site if there is any pain or bruising. If you have problems injecting yourself ... Physically, paper cuts hurt as much as they do for a variety of reasons. They typically occur on parts of our bodies that are the most sensitive, such as the fingers, lips or tongue. The nerve ...Feb 16, 2016 · Why do relationship breakups hurt so much? Love is like a drug, and withdrawal from addiction is disruptive and damaging. In this extract from his new book, Idiot Brain, neuroscientist Dean ... Emgality may be stored out of the refrigerator in the original carton at temperatures up to 86°F (30°C) for up to 7 days. After storing out of the refrigerator, do not place Emgality back in the refrigerator. Do not freeze Emgality. Keep Emgality in the carton it comes in to protect it from light until time of use. Do not shake Emgality. bruce springsteen on the streets of philadelphiaedina lifetime This is the immediate, sharp pain that you feel. The second message is sent through thin, uninsulated fibers that are much slower than the first set of fibers the message is sent through. This is the dull, achy pain that you feel after the sharp pain. While the pain of a stubbed toe is annoying to deal with, there is a silver lining!Aug 24, 2022 · Mild side effects. Serious side effects. FAQs. Specifics. Precautions. Talk with your doctor. Overview. Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) is a brand-name prescription medication. The Food and Drug... rent table and chairs Many of us are sent home with the Emgality self-injector, a delivery device for the CGRP treatment medication, after perhaps one demonstration by our physicians. This video is a demonstration to illustrate how to utilize the injection device. In the comment section below, please share any questions or experiences you are having using Emgality ...Many of us are sent home with the Emgality self-injector, a delivery device for the CGRP treatment medication, after perhaps one demonstration by our physicians. This video is a demonstration to illustrate how to utilize the injection device. In the comment section below, please share any questions or experiences you are having using Emgality ...The kids at school don’t want to hang out with you. But one thing remains in common no matter the type of rejection: it really hurts. The problem for scientists is that rejection must be studied in action to get an accurate idea of what really happens in the body and mind when we experience the rejection. This means, “You can’t just take ...Knee pain is a common ailment for individuals at some point in their lives. There are many different conditions which could be responsible for your pain. Being active is one of the...All that has happened is you’ve been made aware that you won’t be seeing a person you had a lot of interaction with much any more. That’s it. So why does ... painful emotion perception, so ...Emgality— It really does hurt. I’m currently on Emgality monthly, with topiramate 125mg daily, and sumatriptan 50-100mg as an abortive. I just want to add to the …joint pain, stiffness, or swelling. redness of the skin. swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, hands, or feet. tightness in the chest. trouble with swallowing. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine.12 Common Causes of Hip Pain. 1. Arthritis. Several different types of arthritis can affect the hip joint, but the most common is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis, also known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis, indicates that the protective cartilage in the joint has degenerated to the point where bone rubs on bone.8. True love requires vulnerability, which is scary. Love means intimacy and intimacy means exposing your hopes, fears, joy, and shame to another person on a deep level. Exposing yourself emotionally can feel unsettling. [19] If you’re trying to be more vulnerable in your relationship, open yourself up gradually. What I would do is call Emgality/Lily and explain the situation. The number is 1-833-364-2548. As it sounds like you did use all of your free pens anyway, they should be able to help or at least offer some advice. Edit: the non-exchange formulary list is here with page 73 (75 on a pdf reader) have the migraine info. Emgality Frequently Asked Questions. In September 2022, the second calcitonin gene-related monoclonal (CGRP) monoclonal antibody medication called Emgality (galcanezumab) was launched in New Zealand. Since the launch, we’ve received many questions about who can prescribe Emgality, which pharmacists stock it and how it’s given.So I used to have someone else do my shots—I’d go to a corpsman, but I’d get a different one every time, all of whom treated the shots like they are intramuscular—and was eventually forced to just do them myself. That has made them much more bearable…I take them slowly and they still hurt but it’s not AS bad.When it comes to foot problems, heel pain is very common. In diagnosing heel pain, it is important to consider where on the foot the pain is occurring, how long you’ve had the pain...Weight gain: 3% Alopecia: 3% Muscle pain and/or cramps:3% Anxiety: 3% Rash: 3% Insomnia: 1% Weight Loss: 1%. Comments: Efficacy: The efficacy for Ajovy and Emgality is reasonable (50 to 60% of patients report at least a 31% improvement over the first 3 months). The difference in efficacy between Ajovy and Emgality is probably not significant.Obviously, the pain of your spouse’s infidelity leads to numerous negative emotions. And the longer you experience these emotions, the larger your body’s negative reactions to them will be. As you struggle with the emotional pain of betrayal, you might also experience back pain, a change in appetite, chest pain, …According to recently published research, adults perceive more suffering if they think the child is a boy rather than a girl. A child goes to the doctor, has their finger pricked t...144 083.69 g·mol −1. Galcanezumab, sold under the brand name Emgality, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the prevention of migraine. [2] [3] It is also used for cluster headaches. [4] Common side effects include injection site reactions such as pain or redness. [4] [5] Other side effects may include hypersensitivity …Emgality is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of episodic cluster headache in adults. Emgality 300 mg can help give you more cluster headache-free moments to celebrate. It's the first and only medication approved by the FDA to reduce the number of attacks. Do not use Emgality if you are allergic to galcanezumab-gnlm or any of the ...Descriptions. Galcanezumab-gnlm injection is used to prevent migraine headaches. It is also used to treat cluster headache, a form of headache that produces extreme pain and usually occurs in clusters, often at the same time (s) of the day, for several weeks to months. This medicine is available only with your …Common Botox side effects include headache and neck pain. You can use your usual pain relief medication to feel better. But for severe or persistent pain, let your healthcare provider know. More serious Botox side effects happen if the medication spreads to other parts of your body. Rarely, this can cause …Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home installation of a french drainrestaurants leander tx The release of the protein CGRP can lead to intense inflammation in the meninges (the coverings of the brain), causing the pain associated with migraine attacks. …Overview. Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) is a brand-name prescription medication. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved it for use in adults to help …Hips, elbows, knees, ankles — there are few things worse than dealing with joint pain. Whether it’s from a recent incident or it’s a chronic issue, it can really take away from you...Nov 17, 2023 ... I have seen many patients who did not respond to one type of CGRP mAb, but responded dramatically well to another. So, if you do not respond to ...10. About Emgality. Emgality is a medicine used to help prevent migraines* that comes in a ready-to-use auto-injector. It is self-injected under your skin …Emgality injections can hurt and some people appear to experience excessive amounts of pain with Emgality and other CGRP inhibitors, according to … Emgality is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of episodic cluster headache in adults. Emgality 300 mg can help give you more cluster headache-free moments to celebrate. It's the first and only medication approved by the FDA to reduce the number of attacks. Do not use Emgality if you are allergic to galcanezumab-gnlm or any of the ... how big is the iphone 15 plus joint pain, stiffness, or swelling. redness of the skin. swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, hands, or feet. tightness in the chest. trouble with swallowing. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine.Dental Nerves Only Feel Pain. One of the unique characteristics of dental nerves is that they can’t feel heat, cold, sweets, touch. They only feel. That’s why a toothache hurts so much. While your dentist may test the status of your …Prescription only. Emgality (galcanezumab or galcanezumab-gnlm) is a monoclonal antibody that's used to prevent migraine attacks and to treat cluster headaches in adults. Emgality (galcanezumab) works by blocking a specific protein in the brain that can cause migraines and headaches. This medication is injected under the skin monthly. hotels in vegas that allow dogswhere to watch chivalry of a failed knight ---2